Petroleum and Gas Reserves Exploration by Real-Time Expert Seismology and Non-Linear Seismic Wave Motion
Abstract
By using a non-linear 3-D elastic waves real-time expert system, the new theory of “Non-linear Real-Time Expert Seismology” is investigated, for the exploration of the on-shore and off-shore petroleum and gas reserves all over the world. Such a highly innovative and groundbreaking technology is working under Real Time Logic for searching the on-shore and off-shore hydrocarbon reserves developed on the continental crust and in deeper water ranging from 300 to 3000 m, or even deeper. Consequently, this real-time expert system, will be the best device for the exploration of the continental margin areas (shelf, slope and rise) and the very deep waters, as well. The proposed modern technology can be used at any depth of seas and oceans all over the world and for any depth in the subsurface of existing oil reserves.
Beyond the above, the various mechanical properties of rock regulating the wave propagation phenomenon appear as spatially varying coefficients in a system of time-dependent hyperbolic partial differential equations. The propagation of the seismic waves through the earth subsurface is described by the wave equation, which is then reduced to a Helmholz differential equation. Furthermore, the Helmholtz differential equation is numerically evaluated by using the Singular Integral Operators Method (S.I.O.M.). Several properties are further analyzed and investigated for the wave equation.
Finally, an application is proposed for the determination of the seismic field radiated from a pulsating sphere into an infinite homogeneous medium. Thus, by using the S.I.O.M., then the acoustic pressure radiated from the above pulsating sphere is determined.
Key words: Non-linear real-time expert seismology; Singular integral operators method (S.I.O.M.); Time-dependent hyperbolic partial differential equations; Oil and gas reserves; Petroleum reservoir engineering; Helmholtz differential equation; Real-time expert system; Wave equation
Keywords
References
[1] Aki, K., & Richards, P. (1980). Quantitative Seismology, Theory and Methods. San Francisco: Freeman Press.
[2] Alkhalifah, T., & Tsvankin, I. (1995). Velocity Analysis for Transversely Isotropic Media. Geophysics, 60, 1550-1566.
[3] Atluri, S.N., Han, Z.D., & Shen, S. (2003). Meshless Local Patrov-Galerkin (MLPG) Approaches for Weakly Singular Traction & Displacement Boundary Integral Equations. Comp. Model. Engng Scien., 4, 507-516.
[4] Burton, A.J., & Miller, G.F. (1971). The Application of the Integral Equation Method to the Numerical Solution of Some Exterior Boundary Value Problems. Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser A, 323, 201-210.
[5] Chien, C.C., Rajiyah, H., & Atluri, S.N. (1990). An Effective Method for Solving the Hypersingular Integral Equations in 3-D Acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 88, 918-937.
[6] Dellinger, J. A., Muir, F., & Karrenbach, M. (1993). Anelliptic Approximations for TI Media. J. Seis. Explor., 2, 23-40.
[7] Emnis, R. et al. (1986). A Continuous Real-Time Expert System for Computer Operations. IBM J. Research Devel., 30(1), 14-28.
[8] Fritz, W., Haase, V.H., & Kalcher, R. (1988). The Use of Standard Software in Real Time Programming-an Example Demonstrating the Integration of ADA, Oracle and GKS. Annual Review in Automatic Programming, 14(1), 43-49.
[9] Gaiser, J. E. (1997). 3-D Converted Shear Wave Rotation with Layer Stripping. U.S. Patent. 5 610 875.
[10]
Haase, V.H. (1990). The Use of AI-Methods in the Implementation of Real-Time Software Products. IFAC 11 th Triennial World Con., Tallium, Estonia.
[11] Hale, D. (1984). Dip-Move out by Fourier Transform. Geophysics, 49, 741-757.
[12] Han, Z.D., & Atluri, S.N. (2003). On Simple Formulations of Weakly-Singular tBIE & dBIE, and Petrov-Galerkin Approaches. Comp. Model. Engng Scien., 4, 5-20.
[13] Harrison, M., & Stewart, R. (1993). Poststack Migration of P-SV Seismic Data. Geophysics, 8, 1127-1135.
[14] Hwang, W.S. (1997). Hyper-Singular Boundary Integral Equations for Exterior Acoustic Problems. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 101, 3336-3342.
[15] Jahanian, F., & Mok, A. (1985). Safety Analysis of Timing Properties in Real Time Systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-12(9), 890-904.
[16] Jahanian, F., & Mok, A. (1986). A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Timing Analysis in Real-Time Logic. Proc. Real-Time Systems Symp. (IEEE), 98-108, New Orleans, LA.
[17] Ladopoulos, E.G. (1991). Non-Linear Integro-Differential Equations Used in Orthotropic Spherical Shell Analysis. Mech. Res. Commun., 18, 111-119.
[18] Ladopoulos, E.G. (1994). Non-Linear Integro-Differential Equations in Sandwich Plates Stress Analysis. Mech. Res. Commun., 21, 95-102.
[19] Ladopoulos, E.G. (1995a). Non-Linear Singular Integral Representation for Unsteady Inviscid Flowfields of 2-D Airfoils. Mech. Res. Commun., 22, 25-34.
[20] Ladopoulos, E.G. (1995b). Non-Linear Singular Integral Computational Analysis for Unsteady Flow Problems. Renew. Energy, 6, 901-906.
[21] Ladopoulos, E.G. (1997). Non-Linear Singular Integral Representation Analysis for Inviscid Flowfields of Unsteady Airfoils. Int. J. Non-Lin. Mech., 32(2), 377-384.
[22] Ladopoulos, E.G. (2000a). Non-Linear Multidimensional Singular Integral Equations in 2-Dimensional Fluid Mechanics Analysis. Int. J. Non-Lin. Mech., 35, 701-708.
[23] Ladopoulos, E.G. (2000b). Singular Integral Equations, Linear and Non-Linear Theory and its Applications in Science and Engineering. New York, Berlin: Springer.
[24]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2003). Non-Linear Two-Dimensional Aerodynamics by Multidimensional Singular Integral Computational Analysis. Forsch. Ingen., 68, 105-110.
[25]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2005). Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations in Elastodynamics, by Using Hilbert Transformations. Nonlin. Anal., Real World Appl., 6, 531-536.
[26]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2011a). Unsteady Inviscid Flowfields of 2-D Airfoils by Non-Linear Singular Integral Computational Analysis. Int. J. Nonlin. Mech., 46, 1022-1026.
[27]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2011b). Non-Linear Singular Integral Representation for Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. Acta Mech., 220, 247-253.
[28]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2011c). Petroleum Reservoir Engineering by Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations. J. Mech. Engng Res., 1, 2-11.
[29]Ladopoulos, E.G. (2012a). Oil Reserves Exploration by Non-Linear Real-Time Expert Seismology. Oil Asia J., 32, 30-35.
[30] Ladopoulos, E.G. (2012b). Hydrocarbon Reserves Exploration by Real-Time Expert Seismology and Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Tech., 5, 299-315.
[31]Ladopoulos, E.G. (in press). General Form of Non-Linear Real-Time Expert Seismology for Oil and Gas Reserves Exploration. Petrol. Explor. Develop..
[32]Ladopoulos, E.G. (in press). Real-Time Expert Seismology and Non-Linear Singular Integral Equations for Oil Reserves Exploration. Pak. J. Hydr. Res..
[33]Meyer, W.L., Bell, W.A., Zinn, B.T., & Stallybrass, M.P. (1978). Boundary Integral Solutions of Three Dimensional Acoustic Radiation Problems. J. Sound Vib., 59, 245-262.
[34]Okada, H., Rajiyah, H., & Atluri, S.N. (1989). Non-Hypersingular Integral Representations for Velocity (Displacement) Gradients in Elastic/Plastic Solids (Small or Finite Deformations). Comp. Mech., 4, 165-175.
[35]Okada, H., & Atluri, S.N. (1994). Recent Developments in the Field Boundary Element Method for Finite / Small Strain Elastoplasticity. Int. J. Solids Struct., 31, 1737-1775.
[36] Reut, Z. (1985). On the Boundary Integral Methods for the Exterior Acoustic Problem. J. Sound Vib., 103, 297-298.
[37] Schenk, H.A. (1968). Improved Integral Formulation for Acoustic Radiation Problems. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 44, 41-58.
[38] Schmelzbach, C., Green, A.G., & Horstmeyer, H. (2005). Ultra-Shallow Seismic Reflection Imaging in a Region Characterized by High Source-Generated Noise. Near Surface Geophysics, 3, 33-46.
[39] Schmelzbach, C., Horstmeyer, H., & Juhlin, C. (2007). Shallow 3D Seismic-Reflection Imaging of Fracture Zones in Crystallinbe Rock. Geophysics, 72, 149-160.
[40] Terai, T. (1980). On Calculation of Sound Fields Around Three Dimensional Objects by Integral Equation Methods. J. Sound Vib., 69, 71-100.
[41] Thomsen, L.(1988). Reflection Seismology over Azimuthally Anisotropic Media. Geophysics, 51, 304-313.
[42] Thomsen, L. (1999). Converted-Wave Reflection Seismology over Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic Media. Geophysics, 64, 678-690.
[43] Tsvankin, I., & Thomsen, L. (1994). Nonhyperbolic Reflection Moveout in Anisotropic Media. Geophysics, 59, 1290-1304.
[44] Wu, T.W., Seybert, A.F., & Wan, G.C. (1991). On the Numerical Implementation of a Cauchy Principal Value Integral to Insure a Unique Solution for Acoustic Radiation and Scattering. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 90, 554-560.
[45] Yang, S.A. (2000). An Investigation into Integral Equation Methods Involving Nearly Singular Kernels for Acoustic Scattering. J. Sound Vib., 234, 225-239.
[46] Yan, Z.Y., Hung, K.C., & Zheng, H. (2003). Solving the Hypersingular Boundary Integral Equation in Three-Dimensional Acoustics Using Regularization Relationship. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 113, 2674-2683.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.aped.1925543820120401.295
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c)
Share us to: 
Reminder
- How to do online submission to another Journal?
- If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:
1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author
- Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.
2. Submission
- Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
We only use three mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases:
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Articles published in Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
ADVANCES IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Editorial Office
Address:1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net
Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]
Copyright © 2010 Canadian Research & Development Centre of Sciences and Cultures 
