A Contrastive Study of the Speech Act of Refusal between Iranian EFL Learners and Persian Native Speakers
Abstract
Key words: Speech Act; Refusal; Speech Act Of Refusal; Discourse Completion Test (DCT); Persian Native Speakers; Iranian EFL Learners
Resumé: La présente étude a tenté d'étudier les similitudes et les différences dans l'utilisation de l'acte de discours de refus entre les persans qui apprennent l'anglais comme une langue étrangère et certains locuteurs natifs persans en Iran. Les données de cette étude ont été recueillies à partir d'une trentaine d'étudiants en Iran en utilisant le questionnaire de complétion de discours, l'interaction habituelle, et le jeu de rôle. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de recherche ont révélé que les refus des locuteurs natifs persans étaient formalisés dans les structures pragmatiques. Ces participants ne sont pas laconiques à faire des excuses et ont tendance à offrir de différentes raisons indirectes comme refus afin d'éviter des désagréments. D'autre part, les apprenants ALE iraniens sont plus francs et plus susceptibles de refuser les demandes, les suggestions et des invitations de leurs amis. Par ailleurs, la distance sociale et le pouvoir jouent un rôle vital dans la fabrication de refus chez les locuteurs natifs persans. Des résultats plus détaillés et des implications sont discutées dans l'article.
Mots-clés: Acte De Discours; Refus; Acte De Discours De Refus; Test De ComplÉTion De Discours (TCD); Locuteurs Natifs Persans; Apprenants ALE Iraniens
Keywords
References
Al-Eryani, A. (2008). Refusal strategies by Yemeni EFL learners. The Iranian EFL Journal, 1, 84-101.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Beebe, L. M., & Takahashi, T. (1989). Do you have a bag? Social status and patterned variation in second language acquisition. In S. Gass, C. Madden, D. Preston & L. Selinker (Eds.), Variation in second language acquisition. UK: Multilingual Matters.
Beebe, L. M., Takahashi, T., & Uliss-Weltz, R. (1990). Pragmatic transfer in ESL refusals. In R. Scarcella, E. Andersen, & S. D. Krashen (Eds.), On the development of communicative competence in a second language (pp. 55-73). New York: Newbury House.
Cohen, A., & Olshtain, E. (1981). Developing a measure of sociocultural competence, the case of apology. Language Learning, 31(1), 113-134.
Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Holmes, J. (1988). Compliments and compliment responses in New Zealand. Anthropological linguistics, 28(4), 285-508.
Kasper, G. (2000). Data collection in pragmatics research. In H. Spencer-Oatey, (Ed.), Culturally speaking (pp. 316-341). London: Continuum.
Know, J. (2004). Expressing refusals in Korean and in American English. Multilingua, 23, 339-364.
Kumaravadiveleu, B. (2006). Understanding language teaching, from method to postmethod. New York: Routledge.
Manes, J., & Wolfson, N. (1981). The compliment formula. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), Conversational routine: Explorations in standardized communication situations and prepatterned speech (pp. 116-132). The Netherlands: Mouton publishers.
Nunan, D. (2001). Aspects of task-based syllabus design. Retrieved from http://www3.telus.net/linguisticissues/syllabusdesign.htm
Robinson, M. (1991). Introspective methodology in interlanguage pragmatics research. In G. Kasper (Ed.), Pragmatics of Japanese as native and target language (pp. 29-84). Honolulu: Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, University of Hawaii.
Takahashi, T., & Beebe, L. M. (1987). The development of pragmatic competence by Japanese learners of English. JALT Journal, 8(2), 131-155.
Tickle, A. L. (1991). Japanese refusals in a business setting. Papers in Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 84-108.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.ccc.1923670020110702.024
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2011 Ramin Vaezi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Reminder
- How to do online submission to another Journal?
- If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:
1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author
- Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.
2. Submission
Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/ccc/submission/wizard
- Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.
- We only use four mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Articles published in Cross-Cultural Communication are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Editorial Office
Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture